should costing for tractors - should costing for construction equipment - off highway should costing
1.
Teardown benchmarking

Of Customer's & Competitor's Product.

2.
Should Costing

Of Customer's & Competitor's Product.

3.
Cost Reduction Idea Generation

By analyzing cost gaps between customer's and competitor's Product.

The more you understand how cost is built, the easier it becomes to reduce it - from the first process to the final test. Real savings come when every operation, material choice, and sourcing decision is seen for what it truly contributes to the product.

In depth costing of PCB

ASI Engineering uses xcPEP to identify cost drivers for every PCB by capturing exact process steps, material use, and cycle times. Teams clearly see savings opportunities like layout optimization, passive component reduction, or process step consolidation, enabling immediate cost reductions.

In depth costing of mechanical parts

ASI Engineering leverages xcPEP to break down the costing of mechanical components by precise manufacturing processes and real machine data. This reveals opportunities such as material substitution, process simplification, or improved tooling strategies, leading directly to lower production costs.

Massive Library of Cost Models

ASI Engineering maintains a comprehensive library of validated cost models within xcPEP tailored specifically to consumer electronics. Teams quickly benchmark new designs or sourcing decisions against reliable models, accelerating the discovery of cost reduction ideas.

Precise Machine Database

ASI Engineering utilizes xcPEP’s integrated machine database, ensuring every costing study is based on real utilization rates and exact production data. This ensures cost reduction analyses reflect true manufacturing conditions, enabling confident negotiations with suppliers.

Scenario costing: Easily shift PCB sourcing from China to India

ASI Engineering employs xcPEP’s scenario costing functionality to instantly compare different sourcing scenarios, such as shifting PCB production from China to India. Teams can quantify the exact cost impact, enabling informed decisions to optimize sourcing strategies and reduce supply chain costs.

In depth data analysis for cost savings

ASI Engineering provides structured and detailed cost analyses through xcPEP, going beyond simple averages. Granular insights on every part and manufacturing step enable teams to proactively identify previously hidden cost reduction opportunities.

The captured data flows directly into xcPEP, where it enables side by side cost comparison between your product and competing devices. This structured input allows ASI Engineering to trace cost differences back to design, packaging, or layout choices and generate specific, actionable ideas to reduce cost while maintaining product performance.

xcPEP

Cost Engineering SaaS

xcPROC

Cost Database for Should Costing

Should Cost Models for Plastic Moulding

Plastic Moulding
  • Film Packaging
    • Polyethylene (PE) Films
    • Polypropylene (PP) Films
    • Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Films
    • Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP)
    • Cast Polypropylene (CPP)
    • Biaxially Oriented Polyester (BOPET)
    • Amorphous Polyester (APET)

    Thermoforming

    • Vacuum Forming
    • Pressure Forming
    • Drape Forming
    • Twin-Sheet Forming
  • Foam Moulding
    • Structural Foam Moulding
    • Architectural Foam Moulding
    • Foam Crown Moulding
    • Stucco Foam Trim
    • EPS Shape Moulding

    Extrusion Moulding – Plastic & Ceramic

    • Direct (Forward) Extrusion
    • Indirect (Reverse) Extrusion
    • Hydrostatic Extrusion
    • Blown Film Extrusion
    • Sheet/Film Extrusion
    • Tubing Extrusion
    • Coextrusion
    • Extrusion Coating
  • Plastic Rota Moulding

    • Clamshell Machine
    • Shuttle Machine
    • Carousel Machine

    Injection Moulding – Thermoplastic

    • High-Pressure Injection
    • Micro Injection Moulding
    • Gas-Assisted Injection
    • Thin-Wall Packaging Moulding

    Injection Moulding – Thermoset

    • Transfer Moulding
    • Compression Moulding
    • Reaction Injection Moulding (RIM)
  • Blow Moulding
    • Extrusion Blow Moulding
    • Injection Stretch Blow Moulding
    • Accumulator Head Blow Moulding

Should Cost Models for Rubber Moulding

Plastic Moulding
  • Compression Moulding – Rubber
    • Hydraulic Compression Moulding
    • Transfer Compression Moulding
    • Preformed Rubber Blank Moulding
    • Closed Mold Curing
    • Rubber Sheet Moulding
  • Extrusion Moulding – Rubber
    • Hot Feed Extrusion
    • Cold Feed Extrusion
    • Microwave Curing Extrusion
    • Steam Vulcanization Extrusion
    • Salt Bath Curing
    • Autoclave Curing
  • Injection Moulding – Rubber
    • Liquid Injection Moulding (LIM)
    • Vacuum Injection Moulding
    • Rubber Transfer Injection
    • Cold Runner Injection Moulding
    • Injection Moulded Seals & Gaskets
  • Extrusion Moulding – Rubber & Plastic
    • Dual Extrusion (Hard-Soft Combinations)
    • Co-extruded Weather Seals
    • TPV and EPDM Hybrid Extrusion
    • Rubber-Plastic Strip Profiles
    • Edge Trim Extrusion

Should Cost Models for Metal Forming

Plastic Moulding
  • Cold Forging
    • Cold Heading
    • Cold Extrusion
    • Cold Impact Extrusion
    • Coining
    • Cold Roll Forging

    Ferrous Casting – Sand Casting

    • Green Sand Casting
    • Resin-Bonded Sand Casting
    • No-Bake Sand Casting
    • Shell Moulding
    • Lost-Foam Casting (Ferrous)

    Hot Forging – Gear

    • Upset Forging of Gear Blanks
    • Cogging
    • Skiving & Burnishing
    • Finish Forging

    Hot Forging – Crankshaft

    • Preform Forging
    • Rotary Forging
    • Impression-Die Forging
    • Finish Forging & Trimming
  • Powder Metallurgy
    • Cold Press & Sinter
    • Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)
    • Metal Injection Molding (MIM)
    • Powder Forging

    Spring – Cold Wound

    • Compression Spring Coiling
    • Extension Spring Coiling
    • Torsion Spring Coiling
    • Wire Straightening & Stress Relieving

    Spring – Hot Wound

    • Hot Coil Winding
    • Ring Spring Forming
    • Shot Peening
    • Annealing

    Substrate – Metallic

    • Aluminum Substrate Bonding
    • Copper Core Substrates
    • Metal-Insulated Substrates (IMS)
    • Heat-Sink Metal Cores
  • Zinc Casting – HPDC
    • Hot-Chamber Die Casting
    • Cold-Chamber Die Casting
    • Vacuum Die Casting (Zinc)
    • Squeeze Casting

    Zinc Casting – GDC

    • Tilt-Pour Gravity Casting
    • Low-Pressure GDC
    • Slush Casting
    • Permanent-Mould Casting

    Aluminium Casting – HPDC

    • Cold-Chamber HPDC
    • Hot-Chamber HPDC
    • Vacuum HPDC
    • High-Pressure Die Casting (Al Alloys)

    Aluminium Casting – GDC

    • Tilt-Pour Permanent-Mould Casting
    • Slush Casting
    • Low-Pressure Permanent-Mould
    • Semi-Solid Rheo Casting
  • Brass Casting – LPDC
    • Bottom-Fill LPDC
    • Counter-Gravity LPDC
    • Semi-Solid LPDC
    • Hot-Chamber LPDC

    Brass Casting – GDC

    • Tilt-Pour Gravity Casting
    • Permanent-Mould GDC
    • Centrifugal Casting (Brass)
    • Sand-Mould Gravity Casting

    Hot Forging – Roll

    • Cogging-Mill Roll Forging
    • Controlled Rolling
    • Ring Rolling
    • Scale-Breaker Rolling

    Hot Forging – Closed Die

    • Impression-Die Forging
    • Flashless Forging
    • Flash-Type Forging
    • Precision Forging

Should Cost Models for Metal Fabrication

Plastic Moulding
  • Fabrication – Sheet Metal
    • Laser Cutting
    • Shearing
    • Press Brake Bending
    • Punching & Notching
    • Roll Forming
    • Deburring & Finishing

    Machining – Gear

    • Gear Hobbing
    • Gear Shaping
    • Gear Grinding
    • Gear Broaching
    • Gear Heat Treatment
  • Fabrication – Structural & Others
    • Steel Beam & Plate Welding
    • Pipe & Tube Spooling
    • Chassis & Frame Assembly
    • Sheet Lamination

    Metal Hose Assembly

    • Spiral‐Wound Hose
    • Braid Reinforced Hose
    • Corrugated Hose
    • PTFE Lined Hose
    • Swaging & End Fitting

    Stamping – Progressive Die

    • Multi-station Strip Feeding
    • Cutting, Forming & Piercing
    • Progressive Coil Processing
  • Stamping – Transfer Die
    • Individual Blank Feeding
    • High-Speed Compound Operations
    • Automated Part Transfer

    Stamping – Compound Die

    • Simultaneous Cutting & Forming
    • Deep Draw & Embossing
    • High-Tonnage Presses

    Cutting & Ablation

    • Laser Cutting
    • Plasma Cutting
    • Waterjet Cutting
    • Oxy-Fuel Cutting
  • Welding & Joining
    • MIG / MAG Welding
    • TIG Welding
    • Spot Welding
    • Friction Stir Welding
    • Laser Welding

    Surface & finishing

    • Grinding & Polishing
    • Powder Coating
    • Anodizing
    • Galvanizing

Should Cost Models for Electrical

Plastic Moulding
  • Connectors
    • Wire-to-Wire Connectors
    • Wire-to-Board Connectors
    • Board-to-Board Connectors
    • Terminal Blocks
    • Automotive Sealed Connectors

    Electrical Cable

    • Shielded Power Cable
    • Coaxial Cable
    • Ribbon Cable
    • High Voltage Cable
    • EV Battery Cables

    Cell

    • Cylindrical Cell
    • Prismatic Cell
    • Pouch Cell
    • LFP / NMC / NCA Chemistries
    • Cell Terminal Configurations

    Display

    • LCD Panel
    • LED Backlit Display
    • OLED Display
    • Touch Panel (Capacitive / Resistive)
    • TFT Module
  • PCB – Aluminium
    • Single Layer Aluminium PCB
    • IMS (Insulated Metal Substrate)
    • High Thermal Conductivity Types
    • LED Application Boards

    PCB – Copper

    • Heavy Copper PCB
    • High Frequency PCB
    • Multilayer Copper Core
    • RF Power PCBs

    PCB – FR4

    • Standard FR4 PCB
    • Multilayer FR4 PCB
    • Rigid-Flex FR4
    • High Tg FR4

    PCB – Ceramic

    • Alumina Ceramic PCB
    • Aluminium Nitride PCB
    • Direct Bonded Copper (DBC)
    • Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC)
  • PCB – Flexible
    • Single-Sided Flex PCB
    • Double-Sided Flex PCB
    • Rigid-Flex PCB
    • Polyimide Substrate

    Bare PCB – 1 Layer

    • FR4 / CEM1
    • HASL Finish
    • Basic Copper Thickness

    Bare PCB – 2 Layer

    • FR4 / Aluminium
    • Via Drilling
    • ENIG / OSP Finishing

    Bare PCB – 4 Layer

    • Signal-Ground-Signal-Ground Stackup
    • Controlled Impedance
    • Via-in-pad Design
  • Bare PCB – 6 Layer
    • Power-Ground Separation
    • High-Speed Signal Routing
    • Blind & Buried Vias

    Bare PCB – 8 Layer

    • Advanced Multilayer Stackup
    • High-Density Interconnect (HDI)
    • Thermal Management Layers

    Stator

    • Laminated Core Stator
    • Hairpin Wound Stator
    • Slotted vs Slotless Stator
    • Die Cast Winding

    Rotor

    • Squirrel Cage Rotor
    • Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM)
    • Surface PM Rotor
    • Wound Rotor Construction

Should Cost Models for Machining

Plastic Moulding
  • Drilling
    • Standard Twist Drilling
    • Deep Hole Drilling
    • Gun Drilling
    • Pilot & Reaming

    Tapping

    • Hand Tapping
    • Machine Tapping
    • Blind Hole Tapping
    • Thread Forming

    Turning

    • External Turning
    • Facing on Lathe
    • Grooving & Parting
    • Thread Turning

    Milling

    • Face Milling
    • Slot Milling
    • Profile Milling
    • End Milling

    Threading

    • Single-Point Thread Cutting
    • Rolling Dies
    • Thread Milling
  • Facing
    • Lathe Facing
    • Plunge Facing
    • Facing in Chuck Work

    Broaching

    • Internal Keyway Broaching
    • External Surface Broaching
    • Rotary Broaching

    Grinding

    • Surface Grinding
    • Cylindrical Grinding
    • Centerless Grinding
    • Tool Grinding

    Boring

    • Line Boring
    • Jig Boring
    • Horizontal Boring

    Notching

    • Tube Notching
    • Sheet Metal Corner Notching
    • Angle Notching
  • Laser Cutting
    • Fiber Laser
    • CO₂ Laser
    • Pulse Laser for Microcutting

    Honing

    • Manual Honing
    • Vertical Honing
    • Plateau Honing (Automotive)

    Gear Hobbing

    • Spur Gear Hobbing
    • Helical Gear Hobbing
    • Spline Cutting via Hobbing

    Gear Shaping

    • Internal Gear Shaping
    • External Gear Shaping
    • Timing Gear Shaping

    Gear Shaving

    • Radial Infeed Shaving
    • Diagonal Shaving
    • Underpass Method
  • Gear Grinding
    • Profile Grinding
    • Generating Grinding
    • Form Grinding

    Shot Blasting

    • Steel Grit Blasting
    • Wheel Blast Systems
    • Shot Blast Cleaning

    Shot Peening

    • Air Blast Peening
    • Gravity Peening
    • Saturation Peening

    Sand Blasting

    • Suction Sandblasting
    • Pressure Blasting
    • Abrasive Media Selection

    Lapping

    • Flat Lapping
    • Cylindrical Lapping
    • Polishing and Final Finishing

Should Cost Models for Welding & Joining

Plastic Moulding
  • MIG / MAG Welding
    • Carbon Steel MIG
    • Stainless MAG
    • Pulse MIG for Aluminum

    TIG Welding

    • Manual TIG
    • Orbital TIG
    • Thin Section Welding
  • Spot Welding
    • Projection Spot Welding
    • Cross Wire Welding
    • Resistance Spot Weld

    Friction Stir Welding

    • Aluminum Profile Joining
    • Tool Steel Weld Head
    • Automated Linear FSW
  • Laser Welding
    • Keyhole Welding
    • Conduction Welding
    • Fine Micro-Welds

    Ultrasonic Welding

    • Plastic Ultrasonic Welding
    • Wire Splicing
    • Battery Tab Welding
  • Riveting / Clinching
    • Solid Riveting
    • Blind Riveting
    • Mechanical Clinching

Should Cost Models for Surface Finishing

Plastic Moulding
  • Powder Coating
    • Epoxy Powder Coat
    • Polyester Powder Coat
    • Hybrid Powder Finishes

    Electroplating

    • Nickel Electroplating
    • Zinc Plating
    • Chrome Plating
  • Anodizing
    • Type II Color Anodizing
    • Type III Hard Anodizing
    • Clear & Black Coatings

    Galvanizing

    • Hot-Dip Galvanizing
    • Electrogalvanizing
    • Dry Coating Post-Galv
  • Passivation
    • Citric Acid Passivation
    • Nitric Acid Process
    • Stainless Steel Surface Prep
  • Deburring & Polishing
    • Tumbler Finishing
    • Vibratory Deburring
    • Buffing & Brushing

Should Cost Models for Testing & Inspection

Plastic Moulding
  • Dimensional Inspection
    • CMM Inspection
    • Height Gauge / Vernier
    • Go/No-Go Gauge

    Visual Inspection

    • Manual Surface Check
    • Visual Defect Sorting
    • Deflash / Burr Check
  • X-Ray & CT
    • Die-Cast Void Inspection
    • Battery Cell CT Scan
    • BGA Package X-Ray
  • Hardness & Microstructure
    • Rockwell / Vickers Testing
    • Metallographic Etching
    • Grain Size Analysis
  • Leak & Pressure Testing
    • Helium Leak Test
    • Air Decay Test
    • Hydrostatic Pressure Test

Should Cost Models for Packaging & Logistics

  • Export Packaging
    • Palletized Crates
    • Heat-Treated Wood (ISPM 15)
    • Heavy-Duty Shrink Wrap

    Returnable Packaging

    • Plastic Bin Systems
    • Metal Returnable Cages
    • Foldable Crates
  • Thermoformed Trays
    • Anti-Static Trays
    • Custom Molded Cavities
    • Conductive Tray Systems
  • Labeling & Identification
    • Barcode Printing
    • Part ID & QR Labels
    • Compliance Tagging (RoHS, REACH)
  • Final Assembly Packing
    • Subassembly Kits
    • Cushioned Inserts
    • Operator Instruction Leaflets

Miscellaneous Should Cost Models for Automotive

Booklet

  • Saddle Stitch Binding
  • Perfect Binding
  • Wiro Binding
  • Folded Leaflet Assembly
  • UV Coating & Lamination

Composite

    • Prepreg Layup
    • Vacuum Bagging
    • Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM)
    • Autoclave Curing
    • Filament Winding
  • Fabric – Rexine
    • Heat Embossing
    • Pattern Cutting
    • Stitching & Overlocking
    • Surface Coating
    • PVC/PU Backing Lamination

    Glass Sheet Manufacturing

    • Float Glass Process
    • Annealing & Cutting
    • Coating & Tempering
    • Silk Screen Printing
    • Mirror Backing Application
  • Glass Moulding
    • Press & Blow Moulding
    • Injection Blow Moulding
    • Rotary Moulding
    • Hot Mould Preheating
    • Annealing Tunnel Furnace

    Paper Packaging

    • Corrugated Box Forming
    • Die Cutting & Slotting
    • Folding & Gluing
    • Printed Sleeve Application
    • Pulp Moulded Tray
  • Substrate – Ceramic
    • Alumina Ceramic Substrates
    • Green Tape Lamination
    • Laser Scribing
    • Firing & Metallization
    • Direct Bonded Copper (DBC)

    Wood

    • Plywood Cutting
    • Edge Banding
    • Laminate Pressing
    • Routing & CNC Machining
    • Surface Polishing
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1.
Costing of Own Product

ASI Engineering uses xcPEP to cost your own product precisely, creating a clear baseline to spot savings.

2.
Costing of Competitor Product

ASI Engineering benchmarks competitors using xcPEP, quickly revealing areas where competitors have lower costs.

3.
Idea Generation by Comparison

ASI Engineering uses xcPEP to compare your product with competitors and identify actionable cost savings opportunities.

Decontent

ASI Engineering uses xcPEP to identify nonessential components or features within a product design that contribute significantly to cost. Removing or simplifying these components provides immediate cost savings without negatively impacting customer value or product performance.

Alternate Material

ASI Engineering leverages xcPEP to evaluate and quantify potential savings from using alternate materials. The platform clearly compares material costs, processing differences, and overall impact on manufacturing, providing confident justification for material changes.

Alternate Supplier

With xcPEP, ASI Engineering quickly evaluates the cost impact of changing suppliers. By directly comparing detailed production costs across different regions and suppliers, teams can clearly see cost advantages, enabling better-informed sourcing decisions.

Alternate Manufacturing

ASI Engineering leverages xcPEP to simulate alternative manufacturing methods. The platform shows exact cost impacts, enabling informed decisions to optimize production methods.

 

Routing & Packaging

xcPEP helps ASI Engineering identify cost savings in packaging and logistics by simulating alternate routing options. Teams gain clear insights to simplify processes and reduce overall costs.

ASI vs. Management Consultants vs. Benchmarking Companies
Approaches to Cost Optimization for Consumer Electronics Manufacturers
ASI – Engineering-Led Cost Transformation Management Consultants Benchmarking Companies
Engineering-led cost transformation using xcPEP & xcPROC, tailored for Consumer Electronics makers. Focus on sustainable, structural cost reduction across full product lifecycles. Strategy-focused consulting aimed at solving isolated problems. Engagements are billable-hour driven and often lead to recurring cost challenges. No pre-existing Consumer Electronics database. Deliverables based on expensive, one-off teardown or reverse-engineering projects.
Transparent Should Costing for every part, adapted to each manufacturer’s supply base and production process. Highly detailed, data-driven simulations enabling targeted cost-reduction initiatives. Relies on SME expertise and generic industry data. Often produces incremental changes without addressing systemic cost drivers. Costing often based on simplistic formulae from limited teardown samples. Insights rarely capture the complexity of electronics manufacturing and electronics child part sourcing.
Proprietary platforms:
  • xcPEP – high-detail part costing & simulation
  • xcPROC – procurement intelligence & sourcing support
Highly detailed cost models for various electronics from most complicated PCBs to Semiconductor Packaging.
General financial models and operational frameworks. Lacks manufacturing-specific cost simulation capabilities. Uses ad-hoc analysis tools for each engagement. No scalable platform for repeatable, accurate cost estimation.
Measurable, sustainable cost reductions with direct impact on margin and competitiveness. Recommendations improve current state but may not deliver optimal or lasting results. Outcomes are slow, costly, and often fail to justify the investment.
Rapid portfolio-wide analysis with live costing tools – weeks, not months. Multi-month projects from start to final report. Slow, custom project timelines with long lead times for any usable insights.
Engineering Led Cost Transformation
Of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers
Challenge ASI Solution Value
Key Challenges
  • Opaque cost structures for high value parts
  • Volatile input costs
  • Scattered data across teams
  • Limited visibility into drivers
Our Framework
  • Part-level costing using xcPEP
  • Supplier cost mapping via xcPROC
  • Should Costing of each and every part
  • Unified data layer for decision-making
Business Impact
  • EBITDA uplift
  • Faster time-to-insight
  • Improved exit multiples
  • Sustained competitive edge
Core Technology Platforms
xcPROC
Procurement Intelligence
xcPEP Costing Engine
Precise Should Costing
xcPEP Idea Module
Automated Design & Commercial Idea Generation
Build - Operate - Transfer Engagement Model
Phase 1: Build
Detailed Should-Costing Foundation
Phase 2: Operate
Idea Generation & Implementation
Phase 3: Transfer
Cost Engineering Function Handover
  • Data mapping from drawings and teardown
  • Teardown analysis of proprietary and competitor products
  • Alignment of cost models with company's reality
  • Development of raw material, LHR, MHR databases aligned to company’s products and supply chain
  • Supplier & route mapping
  • Should costing of everything the company makes and buys
  • Engineering idea generation: design / material / supplier / process / packaging changes
  • Engineering idea implementation
  • Commercial idea generation: negotiation gaps, alternate suppliers, import/export data
  • Commercial idea implementation
  • Cost Engineering Function is created inside the company
  • Full handover of platform and processes
  • Training, documentation, and continued support
Deliverables & Outcomes
Immediate
  • Baseline costing
  • Quick-win ideas
Medium-Term
  • Operational improvement
  • Margin expansion
Long-Term
  • Exit readiness
  • Value creation